$5bn of mobile money destined for the poor

The market of mobile financial services to poor people in emerging markets will surge from nothing to $5bn in 2012, US-based microfinance policy and research centre CGAP said on Monday.

Mobile money is one of the hottest topics in the wireless world but so far take-up of services has been mostly limited to a few emerging markets, as in developed countries the popularity of online banking has been a brake on mobile money.

"There's a lot of excitement but very little understanding what's going on as the number of implementations is still limited," said Mark Pickens, microfinance analyst at CGAP.

The market began in early 2007 with a launch of Safaricom's M-Pesa in Kenya, which has attracted 6.5 million customers, or one in six Kenyans.

Operators in several emerging countries have followed, and by end-2009 CGAP expects more than 120 mobile money implementations in developing markets.

The new estimates are part of GCAP's joint study with industry group GSMA on estimating the size of mobile financial markets. The study is due to be published next week at the Mobile Money Summit in Barcelona.

Pickens said on top of the $5bn, telecoms operators could save up to $2bn from lower customer turnover, and the take-up of financial services would lift by $1.10 their average monthly revenue per user (Arpu).

In Africa only one in five people have bank accounts, mainly because of the prohibitive cost to the banks of operating branches in far-flung parts of a continent where many of the population of one billion live on a few dollars per day or less.

But mobile phones are spreading extremely fast: to 270 million in 2007 from just 50 million in 2003, according to GSMA.

Scope of services growing
The scope of mobile financial services in these markets has grown quickly from simple cash transfers by text message to payments for everything from a taxi ride to a utility bill.

There are about one billion people in emerging markets who have mobile phones but no bank accounts. CGAP expects that number to rise to 1.7 billion to 2012, with around one in five of them picking up mobile money - and creating the $5bn market.

Most optimistic researchers expect more than a billion people in emerging markets to start using mobile money within a few years, while some are more cautious than CGAP.

Telecom operators are in a pole position to launch mobile financial services in most emerging countries as most banks know they cannot compete on their own and so are happy to provide the cash float for the systems in the belief that in the long-term they are opening up a channel to potential customers.

"Customers have already purchased point of sale - it's in their pocket," Pickens said, but warned investors should not expect to see returns in a few months.

Safaricom, East Africa's biggest mobile operator, told Reuters last week the two-year-old M-Pesa should generate a profit this year.

Operators such as South Africa's MTN - the continent's biggest operator - and Kuwait's Zain are piling in services similar to M-Pesa in a slew of countries including South Africa and Nigeria, and have pilot schemes stretching from the Middle East to Afghanistan.