protocol layers
RSS protocol layersOptical Switching: Switch Fabrics, Techniques, and Architectures
White Paper Generalized multiprotocol label switching seeks to eliminate the asynchronous transfer mode and synchronous optical network layers, thus implementing Internet protocol over wavelength-division multiplexing. [18 Jul 2008]
Adaptive Routing Protocol for QoS in Two-Layered Satellite IP Networks
White Paper Adaptive Routing Protocol for Quality of Service (ARPQ) utilizes On-Board Processing (OBP) and avoids congestion by distributing traffic load between MEO and LEO layers. Non-GEOstationary (NGEO) satellite networks can meet the requirements of next... [18 Jul 2008]
RF Bandwidth Capacity and SCM in a Radio-Over-Fibre Link Employing Optical Frequency Multiplication
White Paper Since these standards specify the radio interface access and physical layer in single cells, a dedicated access architecture to fixed networks, like the ones defined in mobile cellular networks, is missing, and the integration of the spots into... [11 Jul 2008]
A Unified Approach to Routing in Hybrid Sensor Networks
White Paper Wireless sensor network benefits from a unifying abstraction and protocols may transcend different layers. Based on this factor, a Unified Routing Protocol (URP) is developed which operates jointly with bridges. [11 Jul 2008]
Addressing Heterogeneity and Scalability in Layered Multicast Congestion Control
White Paper Per this knowledge, SIM is the first protocol for layered multicast that adjusts not only the subscription levels of the receivers but also the transmission rates of the layers. This paper designs SIM, a protocol that integrates three distinct... [11 Jul 2008]
On the Interaction Between Dynamic Routing in the Native and Overlay Layers
White Paper The paper is interested in investigating the behavior of this mixed routing environment and in particular the characteristics of the interaction between these two routing layers. This paper is concerned with scenarios where a dynamic routing... [11 Jul 2008]
Securing Layer 2 in Local Area Networks
White Paper Network security problems have been well known and addressed in the application, transport, or network layers. This paper discusses the security concerns in Layer 2 and summarizes some of the possible attacks in Layer 2 in Internet Protocol over... [11 Jul 2008]
Westwood SCTP: Load Balancing Over Multipaths Using Bandwidth-Aware Source Scheduling
White Paper While it is more and more usual to buy computer equipment with multiple network interfaces, and the proliferation of ISPs for both wired and wireless users provides different solutions to access the network core, upper layers across the protocol... [10 Jul 2008]
Specification-Based Intrusion Detection System for Carrier Ethernet
White Paper Layered network architectures (OSI, TCP/IP) separate functionality in layers, allowing them to be designed and implemented independently. However, from the security point of view, once a lower layer is compromised, the reliability of the higher... [03 Jul 2008]
Feasibility of IP Restoration in a Tier-1 Backbone
White Paper Large IP networks usually combine protection and restoration mechanisms at various layers of the protocol stack to minimize service disruption in the event of failures. Sprint has chosen an IP-based restoration approach for building a highly... [03 Jul 2008]
Effect of Packet Size on Loss Rate and Delay in Wireless Links
White Paper Packet loss in lower layers, however, is typically hidden from the upper protocol layers by link or MAC layer protocols. Transmitting large packets over wireless networks helps to reduce header overhead, but may have adverse effect on loss rate due... [03 Jul 2008]
Tips & Tricks: WAP Browsers and Simulators
White Paper It defines protocols in transport, session, and application layers. Applications operating over wireless communication networks use an industrywide set of specifications known as the Wireless Application Protocol (WAP). [03 Jul 2008]
Optical Wireless Systems and Network Security
White Paper Most of the interception activity by outside intruders occurs within higher protocol software layers. Such network security concerns involve the lowest network layer, typically referred to as the physical layer (layer one), as well as higher... [03 Jul 2008]
Free Space Optical Transmission Security
White Paper Most of the interception activity by outside intruders occurs within higher protocol software layers. Such network security concerns involve the lowest network layer, typically referred to as the physical layer (layer one), as well as higher... [03 Jul 2008]
Business Impact of Transparent Optical Switching
White Paper With WDM and Internet Protocol (IP) as the dominant technologies in current networks, it is widely expected that the convergence of IP and optical layers will be the defining theme in the next Internet expansion phase. [03 Jul 2008]
